|
|
| Year : 2011 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 1 | Page : 99-101 |
|
| A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by extended-spectrum β-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli
|
|
|
Harshit H Modi1, Snesha H Modi1, Bazgha Rehan Siddiqui1, John M Andreoni2
1 Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center/ University of Illinois, Chicago
2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Advocate Christ Medical Center/ University of Illinois, Chicago
Click here for correspondence address and email
| Date of Web Publication | 4-Mar-2011 |
|
|
 |
|
How to cite this article:
Modi HH, Modi SH, Siddiqui BR, Andreoni JM. A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by extended-spectrum β-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli
. J Global Infect Dis 2011;3:99-101 |
How to cite this URL:
Modi HH, Modi SH, Siddiqui BR, Andreoni JM. A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by extended-spectrum β-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli
. J Global Infect Dis [serial online] 2011 [cited 2022 May 16];3:99-101. Available from: https://www.jgid.org/text.asp?2011/3/1/99/77310 |
Sir,
Prosthetic heart valve endocarditis accounts for 20% of cases of infective endocarditis. [1] Endocarditis due to non HACEK (Hemophilus species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitan, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella species) Gram negative bacteria is uncommon. Among the Gram negative bacteria, extended-spectrum β -lactamase (ESBL) - producing Escherichia More Details species causing prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is extremely uncommon.
Our patient was a 62-years-old African American female with history of mitral regurgitation s/p bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement four years ago, left sided hemiplegia after right basal ganglia infarct and severe penicillin allergy presented to hospital for respiratory distress. Patient was tachypneic, tachycardic, normotensive and febrile with temperature of 39.6ºC. On examination, there was newly found pansystolic murmur grade 2/6 at apex of the heart, diffuse expiratory rales and left sided hemiplegia. There were no peripheral stigmata of endocarditis. Her leukocytes count was 13,000/mm 3 with 81% neutrophils, 14% lymphocytes and 5% monocytes. Urinalysis was negative for leukocyte esterase, 1-5 leucocytes/high power field and no bacteria. Roentogenogram showed mild pulmonary congestion. Initial arterial blood gas analysis depicted respiratory acidosis. CT scan of head without contrast showed chronic infarct in right basal ganglia. Patient was admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), supported with non invasive ventilation and treated with intravenous vancomycin and aztreonam for health care associated pneumonia. The Gram-stained smear showed Gram-negative bacilli. On day three, transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed 5-mm mobile echogenic structure on bioprosthetic mitral valve and mild mitral regurgitation [Figure 1]. The isolate was identified as E. coli and the sensitivity results depicted ESBL producer susceptible to carbapenems only. Antibiotics were switched to imipenem-cilastin that improved her clinical condition. Patient was transferred to nursing home with intravenous antibiotic therapy for six weeks. Surgical treatment was not considered because of clinical response to the antibiotic therapy, mild regurgitation of mitral valve and high risk for surgery because of co-morbidities. | Figure 1: Transesophageal echocardiogram - bioprosthetic mitral valve area showing 5 mm size, mobile, echogenic structure attached to the peripheral rim
Click here to view |
E. coli is a common organism to cause bacteremia in hospitalized patients, but the endocarditis due to E. coli is rare. The epidemiology and microbiological etiology of PVE have changed and there is a marked increase in PVE caused by Enterococcus. [2] The major risk factors for infections with ESBL-producing organisms are advanced age, female sex, diabetes mellitus, underlying urinary tract infection, prolonged hospital stay, duration of ICU stay and prior exposures to cephalosporins, quinolones and three or more courses of antibiotic therapy within the preceding year. [3] E. coli endocarditis is associated with higher rate of intracardiac abscess, sepsis and in-hospital mortality. [4] Modified Duke's criteria have lower sensitivity in diagnosis of PVE. [1] Blood culture is the best identification method providing live bacteria for susceptibility testing. TEE has higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting vegetations, valve abscesses, fistulae, perivalvular regurgitation and prosthetic valve dehiscence.
The carbapenems are commonly used as the drug of choice for severe infections due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The presence of ESBL confers resistance to third and fourth-generation cephalosporins and monobactams and co-resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. [5] Surgical treatment for PVE is associated with high mortality but the prognosis is better with the early surgery, radical debridement of infected tissue and in presence of complications like heart failure and valve abscesses. [6]
 Acknowledgment | |  |
We sincerely thank Dr. Rajesh Sehgal, Division of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center for the interpretation of echocardiography images.
| References | | |
| 1. | Authors/Task Force Members, Galiè N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J 2009;30:2493-537. 
|
| 2. | Fredlund H, Bjoreman M, Kjellander J, Sjöberg L, Bjorne L, Ohlin AL. A 10-year survey of clinically significant blood culture isolates and antibiotics susceptibilities from adult patients with hematological diseases at a major Swedish hospital. Scand J Infect Dis 1990;22:381-91.
|
| 3. | Morepth S, Murdoch D, Cabell CH, Karchmer AW, Pappas P, Levine D, et al. Non-HACEK gram negative bacillus endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:829-35.
|
| 4. | Branger S, Casalta JP, Habib G, Collard F, Raoult D. Escherichia coli endocarditis: Seven new cases in adults and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Mirobiol Infect Dis 2005;24:537-41.
|
| 5. | Livermore DM, Woodford N. The β-lactamase threat in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Trends Microbiol 2006;14:413-20.
|
| 6. | Gutierrez-Martin MA, Galvez-Aceval J, Araji OA. Indications for surgery and operative techniques in infective endocarditis in the present day. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2010;10:32-46.
|
Correspondence Address:
Harshit H Modi
Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center/ University of Illinois, Chicago
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0974-777X.77310
[Figure 1] |
|
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli eustachian valve infective endocarditis |
|
| Branden Ireifej, David Song, Pradeeksha Mukuntharaj, Tasur Seen, Talal Almas, XiongBin Lin, M. Ali Kanawati, Yasar Sattar | | Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2021; 69: 102705 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Escherichia coli prosthetic valve endocarditis from a non-genitourinary source |
|
| Robert Quiring, Victoria Burke | | IDCases. 2021; 26: e01329 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Infective Endocarditis Caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Case Report |
|
| Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Yuto Shinkura, Shizuo Kayama, Liansheng Yu, Sayoko Kawakami, Motoyuki Sugai, Satoru Kawasaki | | Infection and Drug Resistance. 2021; Volume 14: 3357 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli tricuspid valve endocarditis |
|
| Rami Waked, Gebrael Saliba, Nabil Chehata, Elie Haddad, Marie Chedid, Jacques Choucair | | IDCases. 2020; 19: e00729 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
A Systematic Review: Can One Prescribe Carbapenems to Patients With IgE-Mediated Allergy to Penicillins or Cephalosporins? |
|
| B. Kula,G. Djordjevic,J. L. Robinson | | Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Recurrent infective endocarditis of the native aortic valve due to ESBL producing Escherichia coli (E coli) after therapeutic ERCP |
|
| Lupse, M. and Flonta, M. and Straut, M. and Usein, C.R. and Tantau, M. and Serban, A. | | Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2012; 21(2): 217-219 | | [Pubmed] | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Article Access Statistics | | | Viewed | 3083 | | | Printed | 124 | | | Emailed | 1 | | | PDF Downloaded | 41 | | | Comments | [Add] | | | Cited by others | 6 | | |
|
|
