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January-March 2018 Volume 10 | Issue 1
Page Nos. 1-31
Online since Tuesday, February 20, 2018
Accessed 37,400 times.
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EDITORIAL |
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State of The Globe: Melioidosis: Diagnostic Caveats and Emerging Solutions |
p. 1 |
Neelima Ranjan, KP Ranjan DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_107_17 PMID:29563714 |
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
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A Novel Scoring System Approach to Assess Patients with Lyme Disease (Nutech Functional Score) |
p. 3 |
Geeta Shroff, Petra Hopf-Seidel DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_11_17 PMID:29563715
Introduction: A bacterial infection by Borrelia burgdorferi referred to as Lyme disease (LD) or borreliosis is transmitted mostly by a bite of the tick Ixodes scapularis in the USA and Ixodes ricinus in Europe. Various tests are used for the diagnosis of LD, but their results are often unreliable. We compiled a list of clinically visible and patient-reported symptoms that are associated with LD. Based on this list, we developed a novel scoring system. Methodology: Nutech functional Score (NFS), which is a 43 point positional (every symptom is subgraded and each alternative gets some points according to its position) and directional (moves in direction bad to good) scoring system that assesses the patient's condition. Results: The grades of the scoring system have been converted into numeric values for conducting probability based studies. Each symptom is graded from 1 to 5 that runs in direction BAD → GOOD. Conclusion: NFS is a unique tool that can be used universally to assess the condition of patients with LD.
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Influence of Biochemical Features of Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains on Identification Reliability by Vitek 2 System |
p. 7 |
Irina B Zakharova, Yana A Lopasteyskaya, Andrey V Toporkov, Dmitry V Viktorov DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_39_17 PMID:29563716
Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative saprophytic soil bacterium that causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease endemic in wet tropical areas. The currently available biochemical identification systems can misidentify some strains of B. pseudomallei. The aim of the present study was to identify the biochemical features of B. pseudomallei, which can affect its correct identification by Vitek 2 system. Materials and Methods: The biochemical patterns of 40 B. pseudomallei strains were obtained using Vitek 2 GN cards. The average contribution of biochemical tests in overall dissimilarities between correctly and incorrectly identified strains was assessed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Results: It was found (R statistic of 0.836, P = 0.001) that a combination of negative N-acetyl galactosaminidase, β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, phosphatase, and positive D-cellobiase (dCEL), tyrosine arylamidase (TyrA), and L-proline arylamidase (ProA) tests leads to low discrimination of B. pseudomallei, whereas a set of positive dCEL and negative N-acetyl galactosaminidase, TyrA, and ProA determines the wrong identification of B. pseudomallei as Burkholderia cepacia complex. Conclusion: The further expansion of the Vitek 2 identification keys is needed for correct identification of atypical or regionally distributed biochemical profiles of B. pseudomallei.
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Head Lice among Governmental Primary School Students in Southern Jordan: Prevalence and Risk Factors |
p. 11 |
Abdullah Mousa Khamaiseh DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_19_17 PMID:29563717
Background: Head lice, a common social and health problem among all age groups, is especially widespread among school-aged children. Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among governmental primary school students in Southern Jordan and its related risk factors. Settings and Design: A sample of 500 primary schools students aged 6–12 from two male and two female public primary schools in four educational directorates were selected randomly in this cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a modified questionnaire that was completed by the students with the help of their parents. Students were then asked to return the questionnaire a day ahead of the examination date with a signed consent from the parents. Statistical Analysis: SPSS software was used with Chi-square testing to study the significant relationship between lice infestation prevalence and the independent variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results and Conclusion: The overall prevalence of lice infestation was 20.4% and was significantly higher among girls than boys. The prevalence rate was higher among rural residents, those living in shared rooms, families with a monthly income of <200 Jordanian Dinar, illiterate father and mother, those living in families with more than five members, houses with fewer than three rooms, students with longer hair, those with a history of infestation in the previous year, and students who share home articles with other family members. Female gender, low socioeconomic status, a history of contact, inadequate hygiene practices, and sharing articles were the major risk factors.
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MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS |
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Chlamydia trachomatis Antigen Positivity in Patients with Different Ocular Manifestations over 8 Years |
p. 16 |
Nishat Hussain Ahmed, Anjana Sharma, Gita Satpathy, Jeewan Singh Titiyal, Radhika Tandon, Tushar Agarwal, M Vanathi, Namrata Sharma DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_100_17 PMID:29563718
Laboratory confirmation of chlamydial antigen in clinically suspected cases of chlamydial eye infections is important, as similar clinical picture can be presented by different infective or noninfective causes. We retrospectively analyzed the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in 690 clinically suspected patients over the last 8 years (2009–2016). The chlamydial antigen was detected using direct immunofluorescence assay. Overall, Chlamydia-specific antigen positivity was 45.5%. The highest positivity was seen in 2014 (68.6%) and the least in 2016 (9.4%). The antigen positivity in years 2015 (13.4%) and 2016 (9.4%) was significantly less than in all the previous study years (P < 0.0001). Antigen positivity in patients having clinical diagnosis of trachoma was significantly higher than those having other eye manifestations suggestive of chlamydial infections (P = 0.0274). Stringent surveillance both at community level and in hospital attendees is required to know the actual load of this pathogen.
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Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae |
p. 19 |
Neeraj Kumar Tulara DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_72_17 PMID:29563719
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and painful human illness that, unfortunately not responsive to commonly used antibiotics in current practice. The role of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in the era of growing bacteria resistance has been widely discussed. In this study, we aimed to know the local antimicrobial susceptibilities, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin susceptibility in particular, for urinary extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Escherichia pneumoniae (ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP) isolates in our hospital. We collected 464 urine isolates, including 384 ESBL-EC and 80 ESBL-KP isolates. Of 464 urine isolates culture positive ESBL-UTIs, EC caused 384 (82.75%), followed by Klebsiella in 80 (17.24%). Carbapenems and Colistin seems to remain as the first line therapy for the majority of ESBL-UTIs in the local setting. Colistin and fosfomycin remains the most sensitive antibiotic while nitrofurantoin still preserves the good sensitivity against ESBL and found to be an only oral sensitive antibiotic.
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CASE REPORTS |
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A Nonfatal Case of Dobrava Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Combined with Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome |
p. 22 |
Shemsedin Dreshaj, Lindita Ajazaj, Nderim Hasani, Bahrije Halili, Albina Ponosheci, Xhevat Jakupi DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_12_17 PMID:29563720
Among hantaviruses (HTNV), 22 are known as pathogenic for humans. HTNV can cause two clinical entities: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In most countries of Eastern Europe as well as in Kosovo, HTNV infection is presented mainly as HFRS. Here, we report a 20-year-old man with HFRS and HCPS caused by Dobrava hantavirus strain, successfully treated in Intensive Care Unit of Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo. In HFRS endemic areas, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome need to be evaluated for Dobrava hantavirus strain as a possible causative agent.
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Suspected Artesunate Resistant Malaria in South India |
p. 26 |
Shalini Akunuri, Pandey Shraddha, Vedita Palli, Buddha MuraliSantosh DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_180_16 PMID:29563721
We report four cases of complicated malaria in Andhra Pradesh-Orissa border between July 2016 and December 2016, with apparent treatment failure with artemisinin drugs, and all showing parasitological clearance after quinine and adjuvant clindamycin therapy. However, one case died due to complications of malaria. We highlight the need for increased monitoring and surveillance to identify artemisinin combination therapy resistance in other parts of India apart from Northeastern states. It is also essential to ensure rationale use of the existing antimalarial drugs.
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LETTERS TO EDITOR |
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Molecular Detection and Identification of Cryptosporidium viatorum in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-seropositive Patient |
p. 28 |
Shehla Khalil, Bijay Ranjan Mirdha, Jaishree Paul, Ashutosh Panda, Yogita Singh DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_26_17 PMID:29563722 |
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Loeffler's Syndrome Secondary to Hyperinfection by Strongyloides stercoralis Associated with Methotrexate in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
p. 29 |
Moayad Al Hadidi, Hamid Shaaban, Khalid Hani Jumean, Paloma Abi Peralta DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_69_17 PMID:29563723 |
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Hypervirulent, Regulator of Mucoid Phenotype A Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess |
p. 30 |
Manesh Abi, Shankar Chaitra, LEB Nabarro, M Varghese George, Veeraraghavan Balaji DOI:10.4103/jgid.jgid_86_16 PMID:29563724 |
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